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asterisk配置文详解

2009-08-15 11:35:20| 分类： Asterisk | 标签： |举报 |字号大中小订阅

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Configuration GuideYou've installed Asterisk and verified that it will start up.Now how do you go about configuring your PBX? The first thing you needto do is tell Asterisk what telephone connections (to handsets andexchanges, whether by physical wire or by IP) you have. These arecalled channels.
当安装完Asterisk，验证启动无误，就需要开始配置PBX了，首先需要告诉Asterisk那些类型的电话连接（手持设备，交换设备等，不管是通过电路还是IP），这些被称为通道。

Asterisk Channel Configuration

The next task is to configure the Dialplan. The dialplan routes everycall in the system from its source through various applications to itsfinal destination.
下一步任务是配置拨号方案，拨号方案控制进入系统的呼叫根据设定的各种应用的走向，直到完成目标。

Asterisk Dialplan Configuration

You're up and running now. But what about some extra bells and whistles?
现在已经运行了Asterisk，但是否需要一些额外的铃音或提示音？

Music on Hold （音乐保持）
Call Parking （呼叫停泊）
Billing （计费）
Management interfaces （管理接口）

TemplatesTemplates can assist to avoid repeating the same section(s) again and again in your Asterisk configuration files.
模板可以帮助避免在配置文件中出现重复项目
Generating Configuration Files from TemplatesThe STS Template Enginecan generate Asterisk configuration files from templates. It has itsown macro language for conditional template expansion and is availablein source code for embedding into your own applications. The librarysources could also be used to build a standalone command line utility
STS模板引擎可以从模板中生成Asterisk配置文件.

Alternative Methods of Configuration

GUI or Web based setup tools, see Asterisk GUI
MySQL etc databases

Configuration ReferenceMaster configuration file:

asterisk.conf:Tell Asterisk the directories where everything is, including thedirectory containing all the other configuration files. By default,Asterisk looks for the asterisk.conf file in the /etc/asteriskdirectory, but you can supply a command line parameter to use a different asterisk.conf file.
主配置文件，asterisk.conf，通知Asterisk环境目录位置，包含其他所有配置文件所包含的目录，缺省Asterisk会在/etc/asterisk/目录下找asterisk.conf文件，也可以通过命令参数使用不同的asterisk.conf

Configuration of Asterisk channels: （配置Asterisk通道）

adtranvofr.conf: Configure voice over frame relay (Adtran style) channels
配置帧中继语音通道
agents.conf: Configure agent channels
配置代理通道
h323.conf: Configure H323 channels
配置H323通道
iax.conf: Configure IAX channels
配置IAX通道
mgcp.conf: Configure MGCP channels
配置MGCP(媒体网关控制协议,应用于多媒体网关单元之间)
modem.conf: Configure Modem channels (for ISDN, not for modems!)
配置ISDN，不是modem
phone.conf: Configure phone channels (Linux Telephony devices)
配置linux电话设备
sip.conf: Configure SIP channels
配置SIP通道
sip_notify.conf: Configure SIP NOTIFY messages
配置SIP 消息通知
skinny.conf: Configure Skinny channels (Cisco SCCP)

配置Cisco SCCP通道vpb.conf: Configure vpb channels (Voicetronix cards)
配置Voicetronix卡通道（是澳大利亚的开放源码的CTI专业制造厂商）zapata.conf: Configure Zap channels (Digium cards)
配置ZAP卡通道
Configuration of Analog Display Services Interface: 配置模拟显示服务接口

Configuration of the Dialplan:

extensions.conf: The Dialplan 拨号方案
extensions.ael: The Asterisk Extensions Language 扩展拨号方案语言
parking.conf: Call Parking configuration. Note: This file has been renamed to features.conf as of Asterisk 1.0rc1 (17 july 2004)
配置呼叫停泊，文件名字已被修改为features.conf
extconfig.conf: Used by res_data to arrange external configuration (e.g. thru ODBC)
通过res_data方式部署扩展配置，例如通过ODBC

Configuration of specific Dialplan Commands: 配置拨号方案特殊命令

alarmreceiver.conf: AlarmReceiver configuration （警报接收配置）
enum.conf: EnumLookup configuration （电话号码映射查找配置）
dundi.conf: DUNDiLookup configuration 分布式全球号码发现(DUNDi)是一个对等(P2P)协议，用于提供等价于那些由电子号码(ENUM)提供的服务。DUNDi有一个超过ENUM的优点就是它更有弹力，因为也它缺乏一个故障中心点。DUNDi能够被用于增加DNS和它与IP语音(VOIP)服务一起发展。
festival.conf: Festival configuration （文本语音转换配置）
indications.conf: Playtones tone definitions （铃音清晰度配置）
meetme.conf: MeetMe conference configuration （会议配置）
musiconhold.conf: MusicOnHold configuration （音乐保持配置）
queues.conf: Queue configuration （队列配置）
voicemail.conf: VoiceMail configuration （语音邮件配置）

Uncategorized configuration files: 没分目录配置文件

alarmreceiver.conf: 警报接收配置
alsa.conf 致力于为Linux 提供高质量的声音子系统
cdr_odbc.conf 通话详单数据库存储配置
cdr_pgsql.conf
codecs.conf Asterisk编码配置文件
dnsmgr.conf: Background DNS update manager (new in Asterisk v1.2) DNS管理
features.conf: Call Parking and other features 呼叫停泊等其他特性配置
http.conf: Built-in mini HTTP server 内置http server配置
logger.conf: Configuration of what to log and where to log it 配置系统日志
manager.conf: Configuration of the Asterisk manager API 配置管理接口
modules.conf: Configuration of Asterisk module loading 配置可加载模块
odbc.conf: Configuration of UnixODBC drivers for Asterisk ODBC驱动配置
oss.conf open source software配置
privacy.conf 私密配置
res_odbc.conf 实时数据库加载配置，可以把配置文件放在数据库中
rpt.conf 循环应用配置Repeater Application Configuration
rtp.conf: Configuration of RTP ports for media 配置RTP（实时）端口
say.conf: Internationalised numbers and dates (new in Asterisk v1.4) （读出标准的数字和日期）
users.conf: Generate a "user" (phone, dioalplan, and just about everything)
用户定义配置文件

Add on modules, not in standard source distribution
附加模块，不在标准发布代码中

capi.conf: Configuration of CAPI channels and devices.
CAPI 是计算机辅助面对面访问（Computer Assisted PersonalInterviewing）的简称，是使用基于计算机的问卷的一种调研技术,CAPI可以像CATI一样控制复杂的逻辑，而且，它可以在各种各样的场所使用，购物中心，论坛或者其它公共场所，只要是被访者可以接触到电脑的地方。例如，在定点街访项目，借助端对端网络，它可以从容的管理问卷，控制配额，以及管理数据库，且不需要数据库服务器。在
面对面访问中，问卷可以由访问人员直接采用电脑，被访者同时可以查看的方式进行访问，也可以是被访者自己的电脑上看到电子问卷，自己操作访问。

CATI:计算机辅助电话调查系统的简称
sirrix.conf: Configuration of Sirrix ISDN channels 配置Sirrix ISDN通道
cdr_mysql.conf: Configuration of MySQL CDR database for billing 配置通话详单在mysql中存储
prepaid.conf: Configuration of Prepaid calling card system. 预付费卡配置
ldap.conf: Configuration for LDAPget 访问x.500目录访问的标准协议
bonjour.conf: Configuration for res_bonjour (aka Rendezvous, aka Zeroconf)
苹果服务发现接口支持
enumagi.conf: Configuration file for enumlookup.agi
电话号码映射查找配置文件
zeroconf.conf: Configuration file defining services and parameters to advertise via zeroconf是一个轻量级的服务发现协议，适用于注册和寻找附近的可用协议、设备等等。他是bonjour的开源名称，bonjour是苹果公司力推的一个service discovery协议

In most installations, these files are placed in /etc/

/etc/zaptel.conf: Configuration of the kernel part of zaptel
vxml.conf: Configuration of the VoiceXML interpreter vxml

General hints about configuration files

In all Asterisk configuration files, you may include other files by using the #include statement. This way, you may save your general SIP configuration in one file and have the SIP accounts in another file.
在所有的Astersik配置文件中，可以通过#include来包含加载其他配置文档，也就是说，可以存储通用SIP信息在一个文件中，用户帐户存储在另外的文件中

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